Biography of the Prophet

Introduction:

Biography of the Prophet is intended to the biography of the Prophet Mohamed peace be upon him.svg, a science specialized to collect the facts of the life of the Prophet Muhammad and his moral and moral characteristics, in addition to his invasions and secrets.

The biography of the Prophet is one of the great treasures to be used, and the importance of studying the biography if it is in our calculations that it does not address the ordinary man, but a study of the history of the greatest creature found on this earth since Adam and to the Day of Resurrection.

The biography of the Prophet is considered for the sciences and the best for the Muslim; it is studying the biography of a man is the greatest man created by God, has described the Lord of Glory, saying: (You have a great creation) [Pen: 4]. If the study of biography is important at a time, it is in our time more important, because the reality of the nation is now lagging in all areas; military, economic, social and moral delay.

The amount of biography in the life of Muslims:

We are not studying the biography of an ordinary man walking on earth, or great of great history and most of them, but we study the biography of a man is the greatest man created by God since the creation of Adam to the Day of Resurrection, the greatest man ever.

People excel in the field and lag behind in another field, but this man is superior in all fields; superiority in his worship, in his transactions, in his courage, in his generosity, in his dream, in his asceticism, in his humility, in his wisdom, in his intelligence Thing. We are studying the biography of the man whom God addressed by saying: (And you have a great creation) [Pen: 4].

What created this which God Almighty described as a great creation!

This man swore by God and said: (to your age they are in their sugar they are) [Stone: 72]. He is a man who swore to God with his life.

We study the biography of a man who will not be held accountable to God the Creator on the Day of Resurrection except when this man intercedes with the account. Every prophet will not be forgiven even to his followers until this man is interceded.

We study the biography of the man who will not enter paradise except his successor, we will not tell on the Day of Resurrection except from his hand and from his basin and from his river.

If we knew his biography and his approach and followed it was the salvation in this world and the Hereafter, and if our ignorance of his way or his violation is said to us: crushed crushed.

We study the biography of the Messenger of Allah r Al-Mahi, who erased God by infidelity, the first to be sent from the creatures on the Day of Resurrection, bearing the banner of praise on the Day of Resurrection,

The man who arrived at a place where no man and no king arrived, even the angels did not reach the place where Muhammad arrived

The man who saw heaven and fire in particular not only with his mind.

This man has a great place Khalid, and to the extent of this greatness must be our interest in his life, and even every minute passed in his honorable life

There is great importance to study the biography of the Prophet .. What is it?

Here are some points that show more clearly the importance of the Prophet's biography:

• We know the noble biography of the Prophet suffering the great suffering suffered by our noble messenger is with him and Muslims in order to complete this blessed call, and delivery as it is without increase or decrease.

• We know the biography of the Prophet in the way that our Holy Prophet dealt with in the Almmlm things that were familiar with the Muslims in multiple times.

• We know the blessed biography of the Prophet in the way that our Holy Prophet dealt with people of different classes, and their situations, and the positions that brought them.

• We have known the noble biography of the Prophet on the conditions of the Companions and Mothers of the Believers, and how they revered our Holy Prophet the greatest reverence, which is the way we must remain committed even if we separated from him 14 centuries and a half century.

• We have known the Prophet's biography of the infidels and unbelievers who disbelieve in this religion, and how to be the pride of the followers of this nation Mohammedia; enemies have been one since Abu Jahl and finished maintenance.

• We have identified the Prophet's biography of Muhammadic ethics, which must be every Muslim, or at least close to them; the ethics of our great messenger is great, and is an example to be followed by any person, whether Muslim or non-Muslim.

• Biography of the Prophet where the history of the era of time undoubtedly concern all those who deal with history and study whatever their affiliations.

Prophet ratios of God be upon him:

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is the best of the lineages and its supervisor: Muhammad ibn Abd Allah Ibn Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf ibn Qusay ibn Kulab ibn Ma`ra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ay ibn Ghaleb ibn Fahr ibn Malik ibn al-Nadar Ibn Kenanah Ibn Khuzaymah ibn The son of Nizar bin Mudar bin Adnan, and this descent is agreed upon by the scholars, but the dispute occurred after his grandfather Adnan, but scientists agreed that he was born Ismail.
[1] The birth of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
The Prophet, peace be upon him, was born in the year of the elephant after the death of his father. The Prophet's age at the time was six years, and after his mother's death he became a mother of Ayman, and his grandfather Abdulmutallab was guaranteed for two years, then his uncle Abu Talib ensured him. When the Prophet reached twelve years, he went with his uncle Abu Talib to trade in Syria. Beautiful verses have placed the cloud and tree shadow on the Messenger of Allah peace be upon him, As well as the position of the monk when he advised Abu Talib to protect his nephew from the cunning Jews.
[2] What is the meaning of the Prophet (peace be upon him)?
 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) went out to Khadija, may God be pleased with her, to go to the Levant, and he marveled at his morality and wanted to marry him. He married her at the age of twenty-five years.
[2] The Prophet (peace be upon him)
In the cave of Hira Habib to the Prophet - peace be upon him - the evacuation and worship, was going to the cave of Hira to stay away, and was the first era of the Prophet revelation good vision, where he saw the vision in a dream to be achieved as the morning, and then followed by Jibril - peace be upon him - And he went to Khadija - may Allah be pleased with her - afraid, and he says: (my colleagues are my colleagues), so Khadija went away from him, and said to him: ((I read the words of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him) God will never betray you, you are to judge the guest, and you gain the wrong, and the right to the right, and bear all).
[2] What is the best way to make a living?
The Prophet called for the worship of Allaah and the abandonment of polytheism and idolatry. He believed in calling him on the son of Abu Talib and Abu Bakr al-Siddiq. Then Talha, Saad and Uthman believed. The Muslims were exposed to harm. Mecca, and at that stage the Prophet authorized a number of Muslims to migrate to Abyssinia; relieving them of what they were subjected to harm.
[2] What are you listening to?
 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), from Mecca to Jerusalem, and then he wandered down to the lower heaven and reached the seventh heaven. Then he limped until he heard the sharpening of the pens, and on that journey God imposed five prayers on the Muslims day and night.
[2] Immigration to Medina
 After the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) succeeded in holding the pledge of the first and second Aqaba with the captains of the people of the city, Allah authorized him to emigrate to the city. The Muslims migrated, and the Prophet migrated with Abu Bakr. The Prophet, peace be upon him, returned to Madinah after thirteen years of the mission. On the twelfth day of the first spring, he arrived in the city and was welcomed by his family. The first work was done by building the mosque in Quba.
[2] Invasion of the Prophet peace be upon him
After the Prophet settled in Madinah, Allah authorized him to fight, so he conquered with the Muslims the invasion of the evils, which is the first invasion in Islam, then Bouat, then the clan, then Badr first, then Badr al-Kubra, then Bani Salim, then Suwayq, then the command and Bahran , Then Bani al-Jundal, then the battle of the trench, then Bani Lahian, then the monkey, and then built Almstalg, and then Hudaybiyah, and then, Then Mu'tah, then the conquest of Mecca, then nostalgia, then Taif, then Tabuk.
[2] General Delegations in the tenth year following the arrival of the delegations of Arab tribes to the Prophet peace be upon them declare their Islam, and then sent the Prophet Mu'ath bin Jabal and Abu Musa al-Ash'ari to Yemen, as well as sending letters and messengers to the kings of the countries calls them to believe in the invitation of Islam, And victory religion, and spread Islam, and raised the word of truth and religion.
[2] Death of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
The disease began with the Messenger of Allah - peace be upon him - on the twenty-ninth day of the month of zero of the eleventh year of migration after he witnessed a funeral in Baqi, and continued in his illness thirteen or fourteen days, and recommended people and preaches and end them, and recommended by people And the king of the right, as well as the removal of polytheists from the Arabian Peninsula, and warned Muslims to take his grave a mosque, he said: (God cursed the Jews and Christians; they took the graves of their prophets mosques). [3] [4]

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Basics of Hadith

Sunna and Hadith

Sunna or Hadith is the second and undoubtedly secondary source from which the teachings of Islam are
 drawn.

Sunna : literally means a way or rule or manner of acting or mode of life, and hadith, a saying conveyed to man either through hearing or through revelation.1

In its original sense, therefore, Sunna indicates the doings and Hadith the sayings of the holy Prophet; but in effect both cover the same ground and are applicable to his actions, practices, and sayings, Hadith being the narration and record of the Sunna but containing, in addition, various prophetical and historical elements.

There are three kinds of Sunna 
It may be a qaul—a saying of the Holy Prophet which has a bearing on a religious question
a fi’l—an action or a practice of his
or a taqrir—his silent approval of the action or practice of another.

We have now to consider to what extent can teachings of Islam, its principles and its laws, be drawn from this source. Any student of the Qur’an will see that the Holy Book generally deals with the broad principles or essentials of religion, going into details in very rare cases. The details were generally supplied by the Holy Prophet himself, either by showing in his practice how an injunction shall be carried out, or by giving an explanation in words.

The Sunna or Hadith of the Holy Prophet was not, as is generally supposed, a thing whereof the need may have been felt after his death, for it was as much needed in his lifetime. The two most important religious institutions of Islam, for instance, are prayer and zakat yet when the injunctions relating the prayer and zakat were delivered, and they are repeatedly met with both in Makka and Madina revelations, no details were supplied.

Aqimu-l-salat (keep up prayer) is the Quranic injunction, and it was the Prophet himself who by his own actions gave the details of the service. 

Atu-l-zakata (pay the alms) is again an injunction frequently repeated in the Holy Qur’an, yet it was the Holy Prophet who gave the rules and regulations for its payment and collection. These are but two examples ; but since Islam covered the whole sphere of human activities, hundreds of points had to be explained by the Holy Prophet by his example in action and word, while on the moral side, his was the pattern which every Muslim was required to follow (33: 21). The man, therefore, who embraced Islam stood in need of both the Holy Qur’an and the Sunna.

Transmission of Hadith in Prophet’s lifetime:

The transmission of the practices and sayings of the Holy Prophet from one person to another, thus became necessary during the Prophet’s lifetime.

In fact, the Holy Prophet himself used to give instructions with regard to the transmission of what he taught. Thus when a deputation of the tribe of Rabi’a came to wait upon him in the early days of Madina, the Prophet concluded his instructions to them with the words :“Remember this and report it to those whom you have left behind” (MM.1: 1-i). Similar were his instructions in another case “Go back to your people and teach them these things” (Bu. 3: 25).

There is another report according to which on the occasion of a pilgrimage, the Holy Prophet, after enjoining on the Muslims the duty of holding sacred each other’s life, property and honour, added: “He who is present here should carry this message to him who is absent” (Bu. 3: 37).

Again, there is ample historical evidence that whenever a people embraced Islam, the Holy Prophet used to send to them one or more of his missionaries who not only taught them the Holy Qur’an but also explained to them how the injunctions of the Holy Book were to be carried out in practice. It is also on record that people came to the Holy Prophet and demanded teachers who could teach them the Qur’an and the Sunna: “Send us men to teach us the Qur’an and the Sunna.” And the Companions of the Holy Prophet knew full well that his actions and practices were to be followed, should no express direction be met with in the Holy Qur’an.

It is related that when Mu’adh ibn Jabal, on being appointed Governor of Yaman by the Holy Prophet, was asked how he would judge cases, his reply was, “by the Book of Allah.” Asked what he would do if he did not find a direction in the Book of Allah, he replied, “by the Sunna of the Apostle of Allah” (AD. 23:11). The Sunna was, therefore, recognized in the lifetime of the Holy Prophet as affording guidance in religious matters.

Writing of Hadith in Prophet’s life time:

The popular idea in the West that the need for Sunna was felt and the force of law given to Hadith after the death of the Holy Prophet (2) is falsified by the above facts. Nor was the preservation of what the Prophet did or said an after-thought on the part of the Muslims, for the Companions of the Holy Prophet while translating into practice most of his sayings endeavoured also to preserve them in memory as well as on paper.

The need of the Sunna, its force as law, and its preservation are all traceable to the lifetime of the Holy Prophet. A special importance was, from the first, attached to his sayings and deeds which were looked upon as a source of guidance by his followers.

They were conscious of the fact that these things must be preserved for future generations; hence they not only kept them in their memory but even resorted to pen and ink for their preservation.

Abü Huraira tells us that when one of the Ansar complained to the Holy Prophet of his inability to remember what he heard from him, the Prophet’s reply was that he should seek the help of his right hand (referring to the use of pen) (Tr. 39:12). This Hadith exists in many forms. Another well-known report is from ‘Abd-Allah ibn ‘Amr: “I used to write everything that I heard from the Holy Prophet, intending to commit it to memory. (On some people taking objection to this) I spoke about it to the Prophet who said, Write down, for I only speak the truth” (AD. 24:3).

This hadith is very well-known and exists in thirty different forms with small difference. Yet again, there is another report from Abu Huraira: “None of the Companions preserved more hadith than myself, but ‘Abd-Allah ibn ‘Amr is an exception, for he used to write and I did not write” (Bu. 3: 39).

Anas ibn Malik states that Abü Bakr wrote down for him the laws regarding alms (Bu. 24: 39). ‘Ali had also a saying of the Prophet with him in writing (Bu. 3: 39). In the year of the conquest of Makka, the Holy Prophet delivered a sermon on the occasion of a man being killed by way of retaliation for some old grievance. When the sermon was finished, one from among the people of Yaman came forward and requested the Holy Prophet to have it written down for him, and the Prophet gave orders to that effect (Bu. 3: 39).

These reports show that while generally hadith was committed to memory, it was occasionally, when there was need for it, reduced to writing. The last-mentioned incident affords the clearest testimony that, whatever the Companions heard from the lips of the holy Prophet, they tried to keep in their memory, for how else could an order be given for the writing of a sermon which had been delivered orally.

Why Hadith was not generally written:

it is, however, a fact that the sayings of the Holy Prophet were not generally written, and memory was the chief means of their preservation. The Holy Prophet sometimes objected to the writing down of Hadith. Abü Huraira is reported to have said: “The Prophet of God came to us while we were writing Hadith and said, What is this that you are writing? We said, Hadith which we hear from thee. He said, What! a book other than the Book of Allah?” Now the disapproval in this case clearly shows fear lest hadith be mixed up with the Holy Qur’an, though, there was nothing essentially wrong in writing down Hadith, nor did the Holy Prophet ever forbid its being done.

On the other hand, as late as the conquest of Makka, we find him giving orders himself for the writing down of a certain hadith at the request of a hearer. He also wrote letters, and treaties were also put down in writing, which shows that he never meant that the writing of anything besides the Qur’an was illegal. What he feared, as the report clearly shows, was that if his sayings were written down generally like the Qur’an, the two might get confused together, and the purity of the text of the Holy Qur’an be affected.

Bukhari:

It may be noted here that among the six collections of hadith mentioned above, which are known as the Sihah Sitta or the six reliable collections, Bukhari holds the first place in several respects while Muslim comes second, and the two together are known as the Sahihain or the two reliable books.

In the first place, Bukhari has the unquestioned distinction of being first, all the others modelling their writings on his.

Secondly, he is the most critical of all.(8) He did not accept any hadith unless all its transmitters were reliable and until there was proof that the later transmitter had actually met the first, the mere fact that the two were contemporaries (which is Muslim’s test) did not satisfy him.

Thirdly, in his fiqaha, or acumen, he surpasses all.

Fourthly, he heads the more important of his chapters with a text from the Holy Qur’an, and thus shows that hadith is only an explanation of the Qur’an, and as such a secondary source of the teachings of Islam.

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History of Islam

Contents:

  1 History of Islam

  2 stages of the development of Islamic history

2.1 Dawn of Islam

2.2 The First Islamic State

2.3 The period of the Caliphate

2.4 The Umayyad, Abbasid and Ottoman caliphate

History of Islam:

The celebration of the history of Islam through its various stages of many events and things, and has been characterized by many features of others because of its connection to the final message that God revealed to Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him, and has been in the history of Islam periods called golden periods where the law, religion and ethics its main role . While other periods moved away from the approach of God and the law of Rahman weakened and looked and became until the near and distant, and the nations were called upon, what are the most prominent stations in the history of Islam since the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him to the present time?

The stages of the development of Islamic history

The Islamic history has undergone several stages through which the most powerful empire of Islam has evolved into a slogan and lifestyle.

Fire Islam:

The history of Islam began since the dawn of the dawn of humanity when God sent Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him to the worlds. He was the beginning of his call in the Quraish on the Arabian Peninsula, where he called his close family and believed in him who believed and disbelieved others. The Islamic da'wa has encountered difficulties and hardships, where the Prophet remained in Makkah for 13 years. He then ridiculed it in order to advocate this religion. The divine command then came to the Prophet and Muslims to migrate to Madinah to begin the construction of the first Islamic state in the city.

The First Islamic State:

 The Islamic call in Madinah took another form, when it allowed the Muslims to fight and deter the aggressors. The Holy Prophet equipped the armies in order to spread the Islamic call and protect it. The battles of the Prophet and Muslims were an example of sacrifice and giving. Islam soon spread throughout the Arabian Peninsula.

 The period of the Caliphate:

 When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) died, the Muslims met to choose his successor among the great companions and their elders. The opinion was based on the choice of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq for his preference and his precedence in Islam. The friend rose to resume spreading the message and enabled it throughout the Arabian Peninsula to follow him Omar ibn al-Khattab , Then complete the message and send armies to open the Levant and Iraq and Iran and then Egypt, and after it comes Caliph Uthman ibn Affan may Allah be pleased with him to complete the conquests in Morocco and eastern Iran, and then successor Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, which ended the period of the succession of five years was an example in justice and It is divided into many strife in the state.
 The Umayyad, Abbasid and Ottoman Caliphate:

After the Caliphate came the Umayyad Caliphate, which took the character of the monarchy and was considered one of the golden ages of Islam, where the conquests were completed and the country expanded, followed by the Abbasid Caliphate which lasted for nearly 700 years and then the Ottoman Caliphate that lasted until 1923 when the Caliphate was overthrown. In the hope that the Muslims are everywhere, to return to Islam and Muslims their dignity and their destiny.

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